--------------------
The Gospel Observer

"Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations...teaching them to observe all that I commanded you, and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age" (Matt. 28:19,20).
--------------------
May 8, 2011
--------------------

Contents:

1) 1 Peter 5:5,6 (Tom Edwards)
-------------------


-1-

1 Peter 5:5,6
by Tom Edwards

After directing his message to the elders, Peter then gives this following exhortation in 1 Peter 5:5, "You younger men, likewise, be subject to your elders; and all of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another, for GOD IS OPPOSED TO THE PROUD, BUT GIVES GRACE TO THE HUMBLE."

Commentators are divided over whether the "elders" in this verse is still referring to the overseers, as seen in the previous verses, or simply to the older persons in comparison with the younger.  The term "elders" is from the Greek word "presbuteros," which is not only used for the office of an "elder," but also for an older person in general.  For instance, in John 8:9, "When they heard it, they began to go out one by one, beginning with the OLDER ONES [presbuteros]...."

According to 1 Timothy 5:1,2, the younger should have a special regard for the older -- whether male or female -- and Christians are to submit to each other in the fear of Christ (Eph. 5:21).  Plus, we are each to be subject to those men who serve as elders in the congregation in which we are members.  So whether we are talking about these men who serve as elders or just older people in general, the principle to be subject to them is also seen elsewhere in the Scriptures.

In the NASB, it speaks of the "younger men" submitting to the elders.  This, however, should not be limited to merely younger men; for the Greek word for men is not in this phrase.  Rather, both the words "Younger" and "men," in this verse, are from the Greek word "neos," which is mainly translated as "new" in the NT. Strong defines it as "young" or "new."  In Titus 2:4, it is even rendered as "young women," in speaking of the role of the older women toward the young women. Many of the other Bible translations don't use the phrase "younger men" in 1 Peter 5:5.  Some use just "younger," or "younger people," or "younger ones."  Out of 25 versions I looked it up in, only 5 of them use the term "men."

The context goes on to show that not only is there to be a submission unto the elders, but also a proper submission toward one another.  This is worded as, "clothe yourselves with humility toward one another" in the NASB and as "all of you be subject one to another" in the KJV.  

Peter also gives two reasons why this is important: "God is opposed to the proud, but gives grace to the humble" (1 Pet. 5:5).  Sinful pride interferes with one's relationship with God.  According to 2 Chronicles 32:24,25, it hindered Hezekiah from being grateful unto the Lord: "In those days Hezekiah became mortally ill; and he prayed to the LORD, and the LORD spoke to him and gave him a sign.  But Hezekiah gave no return for the benefit he received, because his heart was proud; therefore wrath came on him and on Judah and Jerusalem."  Wisely, Hezekiah soon solved this problem by humbling himself before the Lord, as verse 26 shows: "However, Hezekiah humbled the pride of his heart, both he and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the wrath of the LORD did not come on them in the days of Hezekiah."

The Bible teaches that "Everyone who is proud in heart is an abomination to the LORD; Assuredly, he will not be unpunished" (Prov. 16:5).  

Pride sometimes comes when everything seems to be going very well in one's life.  It would seem that the individual is then no longer leaning as strongly on the Lord or realizing the need for Him.  God speaks of this through Hosea: "As they had their pasture, they became satisfied, And being satisfied, their heart became proud; Therefore they forgot Me" (Hos. 13:6).  Again we also see the connection between pride and forgetting God.  The former leads to the latter.  

Peter, therefore, gives the needful exhortation in 1 Peter 5:6, by saying, "Therefore humble yourselves under the mighty hand of God, that He may exalt you at the proper time."

Though the Lord never forces us to do anything against our will, we are made aware in the Scriptures of the choices He wants us to make for our good.  For Peter had just warned that God is opposed to the proud, but gives grace to the humble; so he then follows through with the next logical exhortation: "Therefore humble yourselves under the mighty hand of God...." -- which  is the Lord's instruction and desire for us, revealed through Peter.  

It is true that sometimes God has intervened in helping one to humble himself, such as in the case of King Nebuchadnezzar in Daniel 4.  Because of his pride (vv. 29,30), Nebuchadnezzar was stricken insane, lost his sovereignty, and was driven away from mankind, until he would realize, seven years later, that God "is ruler over the realm of mankind and bestows it on whomever He wishes" (v. 32).  Nebuchadnezzar was also made to realize that all of God's works "...are true and His ways just, and He is able to humble those who walk in pride" (Dan. 4:37).  

Consider also Exodus 10:3,4: "Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said to him, 'Thus says the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, 'How long will you refuse to humble yourself before Me? Let My people go, that they may serve Me.  For if you refuse to let My people go, behold, tomorrow I will bring locusts into your territory.'"  Here the implication is that to genuinely submit to the Lord's way is how we can humble ourselves before God.  For in doing that, our actions are saying to the Lord, "Thy will be done" -- instead of merely our own.   Of course, that humility needs to be coupled with the proper reverence for God; and Pharaoh was lacking in that.  For he did not truly fear the Lord (cf. Exod. 9:27-30).  As a result, Pharaoh continued to harden his heart against God.  

So even when God did intervene in these two cases of Nebuchadnezzar and Pharaoh, it appears that what made the difference in the reactions of these men was their hearts.  

And even when God does not intervene through His divine providence, we still have the responsibility to humble ourselves before the mighty hand of God and to strive to make our hearts and lives right with Him by conforming to His word.  

The phrase "hand of God" is really an interesting expression.   We often find it in the Scriptures.  We realize that because we have been created in God's image, it doesn't necessarily mean that God also has two eyes, two ears, one mouth, two hands, two feet, etc.  For God is Spirit; so it is the spirit part of man that is created in God's image.  Therefore, in speaking of God as having hands like us, it is anthropomorphizing.  This is done anytime we ascribe human form to a thing or being that is not human.  

When we think of hands, we think of action.  For example, a painter paints with his hands; a sculptor makes sculptures; a carpenter makes houses; we also engage in various work and other activities with our hands.  

God, however, does not need hands as a person does.  For the Lord has the abililty to merely speak something into being, and it will be so.  Consider, for instance, these following verses: "For He spoke, and it was done; He commanded, and it stood fast" (Psa. 33:9). "Let them praise the name of the Lord, for He commanded and they were created" (Psa. 148:5).   And how can we ever forget Genesis 1:3?  It states, "Then God said, 'Let there be light'; and there was light."  As we read through that first chapter of Genesis, we are made aware of that re-occurring phrase, "Then God said."  This phrase is used at the beginning of each of the days in which God made something during His great work of creation.  Though we can easily imagine horses grazing in a lush, green pasture where the leaves and branches of shady trees are rustled by a gentle breeze, and while large, white clouds are slowing drifting by in a light-blue sky, God can do much more than merely imagine.  For, though we don't see Him using His power in this way today, as He did in the beginning of creation, He, nevertheless, still has that same ability to speak whatsoever He desires into a reality -- and even give life to that which He creates.  What an awesome power!   And though God can do all of this without hands, this is not to say that He does not have some type of superior hands -- for we know not what God in heaven looks like.  But it appears that the idea of God using His hands, as we would liken to human hands doing different things, is accommodative language for our own understanding.       

The Bible references of God having "hands," according to Francis Schaeffer, is so that God can become more personal to us.  The Lord wants to communicate to us in a way in which we can relate to.  Schaeffer points out several ways in which the "hand of God" is used in the Scriptures. He states that "The hand of God creates," "The hand of God preserves," "The hand of God chastises," "The hand of God cares for His people," "The hand of God provides security," and "the hand of God invites."  Let's look into some Scriptures that verify this.    

For instance, when we think of the Lord in the work of creation, consider these following verses:  "It is I who made the earth, and created man upon it. I stretched out the heavens with My hands And I ordained all their host" (Isa. 54:12).  Psalm 102:25, "Of old You founded the earth, And the heavens are the work of Your hands."

And what about the hand of God preserving?  After creating the universe, the Lord did not simply walk away from it, forget about it, and never have any more to do with it. Rather, we see the hand of God in preserving it.  For instance, Psalm 104:27,28: "They all wait for You To give them their food in due season  You give to them, they gather it up; You open Your hand, they are satisfied with good."  Though the Lord doesn't literally hold out His hand to feed these creatures, we realize that whatever they eat is that which God has provided -- so He is the source for their food. Corresponding to this is what Jesus teaches about the Father in Matthew 6:26, "Look at the birds of the air, that they do not sow, neither do they reap, nor gather into barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not worth much more than they?"  Consider also Psalm 145:15,16, "The eyes of all look to You, And You give them their food in due time. You open Your hand And satisfy the desire of every living thing."

The hand of God also chastens.  Psalm 32:3-5: "When I kept silent about my sin, my body wasted away Through my groaning all day long.  For day and night Thy hand was heavy upon me; My vitality was drained away as with the fever heat of summer. Selah.  I acknowledged my sin to Thee, And my iniquity I did not hide; I said, 'I will confess my transgressions to the LORD'; And Thou didst forgive the guilt of my sin. Selah."   It was the hand of God that led David into acknowledging his sin in order that he could obtain the mercy of God and be relieved.  Schaeffer points out that this chastening was not just psychological, but that which was also taking place in the external world as well.  For instance, David lost his firstborn, due to his sin with Bathsheba.  Miriam was made leprous for speaking against Moses (Num. 12:5-10), and many of the other children of Israel were also physically afflicted because of their sins.  I like the way the Psalmist expresses this in Psalm 119:67, "Before I was afflicted I went astray, but now I keep Thy word."  The implication is obvious: affliction helped the Psalmist to stay on the right track.  When God's hand brought chastisement, it was for the good of the individual.  So chastening was also a means of God caring for His people (cf. Heb. 12:5-11).  

The hand of God also provides security.  For those who hear the word of the Lord and follow, they are depicted as being safe in God's hand -- and from where no one can pluck them out: "My sheep hear My voice, and I know them, and they follow Me; and I give eternal life to them, and they shall never perish; and no one shall snatch them out of My hand.  My Father, who has given them to Me, is greater than all; and no one is able to snatch them out of the Father's hand" (Jn. 10:27-29).  What a stark contrast this is to those who become rebellious toward the Lord and will find it "a terrifying thing to fall into the hands of the living God" (Heb. 10:31).  But for those who are striving to faithfully follow God, He is their help; and when they stumble, He is still there for them, if they will repent and turn to Him.  Notice how the Psalmist expresses this: "When he falls, he shall not be hurled headlong; Because the LORD is the One who holds his hand.  I have been young, and now I am old; Yet I have not seen the righteous forsaken, Or his descendants begging bread" (Psa. 37:24,25).  Also Psalm 73:23-24: "...Thou hast taken hold of my right hand.  With Thy counsel Thou wilt guide me, And afterward receive me to glory."

The hand of God also invites:  "I have spread out My hands all day long to a rebellious people, Who walk in the way which is not good, following their own thoughts" (Isa. 65:2).  God's purpose for repeatedly sending the prophets to His wayward people was often to draw them back to Him, that they would not perish.  So through that, the Lord was stretching out His hands to them, in a manner of speaking.  He was imploring through the prophets for His people to repent and return to Him, so that they could be spared.  For He takes no pleasure in seeing the lost perish, as seen in Ezekiel 33:11: "Say to them, 'As I live!' declares the Lord GOD, 'I take no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but rather that the wicked turn from his way and live. Turn back, turn back from your evil ways! Why then will you die, O house of Israel?'"  

So Peter exhorts the brethren to humble themselves "under the mighty hand of God," that He might exalt them at the proper time (1 Pet. 5:6; cf. Jms. 4:6,10).  Jesus states, "And whoever exalts himself shall be humbled; and whoever humbles himself shall be exalted" (Matt. 23:12).  The Lord also spoke of this in Mark 10:42-45: "And calling them to Himself, Jesus said to them, 'You know that those who are recognized as rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them; and their great men exercise authority over them.   But it is not so among you, but whoever wishes to become great among you shall be your servant; and whoever wishes to be first among you shall be slave of all. For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life a ransom for many.'"  So Jesus shows that true greatness is obtained through humble servitude.  

In specifying three important things that the Lord required of His people during the Mosaical Age, Micah points out that it was to "do justice, to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God" (Mic. 6:8). And to do these three things are just as needful and important in our time, for they are also shown in the NT.  

The phrase "proper time" (1 Pet. 5:6) comes from just one Greek word, which is also translated as "right time" in Romans 5:6, where it declares, "For while we were still helpless, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly."

When will that "proper time" be for God to exalt His faithful follower?  Ultimately, it will be at the judgment day when all of God's faithful people will be ushered into their eternal home in heaven.  What exaltation could even come close to that?  But think, too, of how being a humble and loyal servant of the Lord can lead to other kinds of exaltations during our earth life, as well -- such as being elevated to a more noble character; receiving from God His favor, honor, and blessings; being His child, instead of the devil's; and being in God's kingdom, rather than in the kingdom of darkness.  Truly, through humility and obedience, the Christian has been elevated to a much better state -- and the greatest of all exaltations is yet to come!
--------------------

The Steps That Lead to Eternal Salvation

1) Hear the gospel, for that is how faith comes (Rom. 10:17;  John 20:30,31).
2) Believe in the deity of Christ (John 8:24; John 3:18).
3) Repent of sins (Luke 13:5; Acts 17:30).
4) Confess faith in Christ (Rom. 10:9,10; Acts 8:36-38).
5) Be baptized in water for the remission of sins (Mark 16:16; Acts 2:38; 22:16; Rom. 6:3,4; Gal. 3:26,27; 1 Pet. 3:21).
6) Continue in the faith; for, if not, salvation can be lost (Heb. 10:36-39; Rev. 2:10; 2 Pet. 2:20-22).
--------------------

Park Forest

CHURCH OF CHRIST
9923 Sunny Cline Dr., Baton Rouge, LA  70817
Sunday services: 9:00 AM (Bible class); 10 AM & 6 PM (worship)
Tuesday: 7 PM (Bible class)
evangelist/editor: Tom Edwards (225) 667-4520
Tom@ThomasTEdwards.com
http://ThomasTEdwards.com/go (Gospel Observer website)
http://ThomasTEdwards.com/audioser.html (audio sermons)